Opinie - 13 oktober 2022 om 15:05 - 2 reacties

Inclusief onderwijs - Opinie van Stijn Kerkhofs

Beter leven met een verstandelijke handicap

Het debat rond inclusie is weer losgebarsten sinds de open brief van William Boeva over ‘Down the Road  en de Pano-reportage over ‘Het inclusieve onderwijs’. STAN volgt dit debat op de voet en laat hier verschillende stemmen horen. Hier publiceren we de opinie van Stijn Kerkhofs, teamcoördinator Ondersteunings­netwerk West-Brabant-Brussel (uit De Standaard van 7 oktober).

'Buitengewoon onderwijs is in strijd met de mensenrechten'

Toen het Vlaamse regeerakkoord werd voorgesteld, verkondigde minister van Onderwijs Ben Weyts (N-VA) trots: ‘We schaffen het M-decreet af!’ Er was nog niet veel bekend over de vervanger, maar de leuze alleen al bleek te volstaan voor applaus bij de achterban. Nu, een paar jaar later dan gepland, ligt er eindelijk een ontwerpdecreet Leersteun klaar. De ‘pragmatische aanpak van inclusie’ die Weyts beloofde, lijkt vooral uit te draaien op minder inclusie. Daarmee schendt hij de grondrechten van leerlingen met een handicap. 

In het ontwerpdecreet ontbreekt de ambitie om werk te maken van écht inclusief onderwijs, waarbij leerlingen met een handicap les kunnen volgen in het regulier onderwijs. Zo stelt de minister dat de finale beslissing over de inschrijving van een leerling bij de klassenraad zal liggen. Dat zet de deur open voor scholen om sneller de zoektocht naar mogelijkheden op te geven. In de Pano-reportage kon je grote verschillen zien tussen scholen: waar in de ene school een blinde leerling de lessen mee kan volgen, vindt een andere school het al buitenissig dat medeleerlingen iemands rugzak zouden moeten dragen. Door die ­willekeur zijn leerlingen en ouders volledig afhankelijk van de goodwill van de school. 

Ernstige systeemfout

Daarnaast bejubelt Weyts het buitengewoon onderwijs als ‘de meest ­geschikte plaats voor veel leerlingen met speciale noden’ en ondersteunt hij die uitspraak met forse investeringen. Blijven inzetten op die parallelle ­sporen is vreemd. Hoe kun je werk maken van inclusief onderwijs als je ook het buitengewoon onderwijs blijft uitbreiden? 

Om inclusief onderwijs te realiseren, moet je het buitengewoon onderwijs overbodig maken

Toch kun je ouders moeilijk verwijten dat ze ervoor kiezen hun kind naar het buitengewoon onderwijs te ­sturen. In de praktijk kunnen die scholen inderdaad vaak beter aan hun noden tegemoetgekomen dan ­scholen voor gewoon onderwijs. De vraag is hoe dat komt. Het buiten­gewoon onderwijs is geen magische plek: het biedt om­kadering, deskundigheid en visie. Dat die dingen deels ontbreken in het ­regulier onderwijs, is een ernstige ­systeemfout. Om ­ inclusief onderwijs te realiseren, moet je het gewoon ­onderwijs zo sterk ­maken dat het buitengewoon onderwijs overbodig wordt. Dat vergt visie en ambitie, twee dingen die in het ontwerpdecreet ­opvallend afwezig zijn. Het is merkwaardig dat een minister die zo hoog oploopt met ‘de kwaliteit van het onderwijs verhogen’ zo weinig ambitie toont op het vlak van inclusief onderwijs. Hoe kwaliteitsvol is je ­onderwijssysteem als 6 procent van de leerlingen niet in het gewoon ­onderwijs terechtkan? 

Op de vingers getikt

Maar het zou te gemakkelijk zijn alle schuld op Weyts af te wentelen. Het gebrek aan urgentie, ambitie en visie om het onderwijs inclusief te maken, is tekenend voor onze maatschappij. Politieke partijen, koepels, vak­bonden, academici: iedereen vindt de ­positie van het buitengewoon onderwijs vanzelfsprekend. Dat is erg problematisch, aangezien verder investeren in het buiten­gewoon onderwijs in strijd is met het VN-verdrag inzake de rechten van ­personen met een han­dicap. Vlaanderen werd daarvoor in het verleden al op de vingers getikt en zet met dit nieuwe decreet geen stappen in de goede richting. 

Het recht op inclusie en redelijke aanpassingen staat sinds kort ook in de grondwet verankerd. Het is dus maar de vraag of het decreet Leersteun stand zal houden als iemand naar het Grondwettelijk Hof stapt. Kan de minister zich na het debacle rond de eindtermen nóg een ­­aan­varing met het Grondwettelijk Hof veroorloven?

Stijn Kerkhofs is teamcoördinator Ondersteunings­netwerk West-Brabant-Brussel, dit opiniestuk verscheen in De Standaard van 7 oktober.  

Reacties

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STAN informeert je snel en helder over verstandelijke handicap, veranderingen in het beleid en activiteiten in Vlaanderen. Wil je graag op de hoogte blijven? Schrijf je dan meteen in voor onze nieuwsbrief.